Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DN, Heald JL. Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. 2019 27(3):301–9.īossini L, Casolaro I, Koukouna D, Cecchini F, Fagiolini A. Trends in insomnia diagnosis and treatment among medicare beneficiaries, 2006–2013. 2011 19(1):88–97.Īmerican Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Insomnia symptoms in older adults: associated factors and gender differences. Jaussent I, Dauvilliers Y, Ancelin ML, et al. Trends in dispensing of zolpidem and low-dose trazodone among commercially insured adults in the United States, 2011–2018. Wong J, Murray Horwitz M, Bertisch SM, Herzig SJ, Buysse DJ, Toh S. National use of prescription medications for insomnia: NHANES 1999–2010. Medical costs of fatal and nonfatal falls in older adults. 2016 30:72–82.įlorence CS, Bergen G, Atherly A, Burns E, Stevens J, Drake C. Health economics of insomnia treatments: the return on investment for a good night’s sleep. Insomnia-related comorbidities and economic costs among a commercially insured population in the United States. The direct and indirect costs of untreated insomnia in adults in the United States. Insomnia and the risk of breast cancer: the HUNT study. Sen A, Opdahl S, Strand LB, Vatten LJ, Laugsand LE, Janszky I. Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Insomnia is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the clinical setting. LeBlanc ES, Smith NX, Nichols GA, Allison MJ, Clarke GN. Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease. Risk of dementia in patients with primary insomnia: a nationwide population-based case-control study. Insomnia as a predictor of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hertenstein E, Feige B, Gmeiner T, et al. The association between insomnia and insomnia treatment side effects on health status, work productivity, and healthcare resource use. 2010 11(5):462–9.ĭiBonaventura M, Richard L, Kumar M, Forsythe A, Flores NM, Moline M. Prevalence and cost of insomnia in a state Medicaid fee-for-service population based on diagnostic codes and prescription utilization. Insomnia in primary care: misreported, mishandled, and just plain missed. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Insomnia overview: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and monitoring, and nonpharmacologic therapy. Findings suggest the need for new treatment options to optimize quality of care for patients with insomnia.ĭopheide JA. Each outcome measured was highest among patients treated with trazodone, relative to other index treatments. Relative to matched controls, the insomnia-treated cohort showed higher risk of falls with greater HCRU and costs. Such patients incurred greater total costs per patient per month than matched controls ($2100 versus $888 estimated mean ratio, 2.36 95% CI 2.35–2.38 p < 0.0001). Compared with matched controls, the estimated mean number of inpatient visits, emergency department visits, outpatient visits, and mean length of inpatient stay were all significantly higher among patients treated for insomnia. Relative to other index treatments, patients treated with trazodone had the greatest risk of falls. Relative to matched controls ( n = 313,086), the insomnia-treated cohort had a higher rate of falls (3.34% vs. Costs were adjusted to 2018 dollars, the most recent year for the study data. Odds ratios (ORs) compared risk of falls in each cohort, adjusting for covariates. The insomnia-treated cohort were age- and sex-matched (1:1) to non-sleep-disordered controls. This retrospective cohort study used the IBM ® MarketScan ® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases to identify patients aged at least 18 years treated with commonly prescribed medications for insomnia (zolpidem, trazodone, benzodiazepines) between 1 January 2012 and 30 September 2017. The objective of this study is to compare the risk of falls, all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs among patients treated with commonly used, older generation insomnia medications and non-sleep-disordered controls. Falls are a common cause for morbidity and mortality among patients taking prescription insomnia medication.
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